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Frontiers
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article
Front. Physiol., 30 September 2021Sec. Exercise Physiology
Volume 12 - 2021 |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.702266
Immersive Virtual Reality Influences Physiologic Responses to Submaximal Exercise: A Randomized, Crossover Trial  Sebastian Rutkowski1*  Patryk Szary2 Jerzy Sacha1  Richard Casaburi3 1Department of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland 2Faculty of Physiotherapy, University School of Physical Education in Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland 3Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Division of Respiratory and Critical Care Physiology and Medicine, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States
Objectives: This cross-sectional, randomly assigned study aimed to assess the influence of immersive virtual reality (VR) on exercise tolerance expressed as the duration of a submaximal exercise test (ET) on a cycle ergometer. Methods: The study enrolled 70 healthy volunteers aged 22–25years. Each participant performed an ET with and without VR. Time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability (HRV) parameters were analyzed for the first 3min (T1), the last 3min (T2), and the time at which the shorter of the two tests terminated (Tiso). In the time domain, a SD of R–R intervals (SDNN) and a root mean square of successive R–R interval differences (RMSSD) in milliseconds were computed. The following spectral components were considered: low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), total power (TP), and LF/HF ratio. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04197024). Results: Compared to standard ET, tests in immersive VR lasted significantly longer (694 vs. 591s, p |
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